AMAZONIA
- También conocida como la cuenca del Amazonas, está ubicada en America del Sur (Brasil 68%, Perú 13%, Bolivia 11,2%, Colombia 5,5%, Ecuador 1,7%, Venezuela 0,7%, Guyana 0,1%, Surinam y Guyana Francesa el resto);
- Cubre un área de más de 7,350,000 km², lo que representa aproximadamente 40% del continente Sudamericano;
- Es poblada por más de 33 millones de personas, aproximadamente 9% de la población amazónica son indígenas quienes pertenecen a 350 grupos étnicos (60 de los cuales viven en aislamiento volutario, especialmente en Brasil y Perú ;
- Almacena 20% del agua dulce del mundo.

Figura 1. Ubicación geográfica de las cuencas de los ríos Amazonas, Orinoco y Paraná (2).
RÍO AMAZONAS
- Es con su longitud de 7,062 km y su flujo promedio de 219,000 m³/sec el río más grande y más largo del mundo.
- A 3,000 km antes de su desembocadura, su anchura alcanza 1,600 m, su delta tiene 330 km de ancho y puede ondear el Atlántico hasta la distancia de 240 km.
- La marea se puede observar hasta 1,000 km tierra adentro. La ola mareal pororocá(en lengua tupí „el gran ruido destructivo “) puede alcanzar hasta 5 m de altura y llegar hasta 30 km tierra adentro.
- Las cuatro fuentes del río Amazonas fueron descubiertas en 2000 por el científico checo Prof. RNDr. Bohumír Janský, CSc. y sus colegas de la Universidad Carolina en Praga . En la fuente del Amazonas en la altitud de 5150 m s. n. m. estuvo ubicado un lago innominado y los miembros de la expedición lo nombraron Laguna Bohemia .

Figura 2. Uno de los primeros mapas detallados de la Amazonia de Samuel Fritz (1654-1728), originalmente impreso en Quito (Ecuador) en 1707. Fuente: World Digital Library www.wdl.org
Bibliografía citada
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1.
Česák, J. & Janský, B.
Los Orígenes del Amazonas. (Ottovo nakladatelství, 2008).
Cite
1.
Janský, B., Engel, Z., Kocum, J., Šefrna, L. & Česák, J. The Amazon River headstream area in the Cordillera Chila, Peru: hydrographic, hydrological and glaciological conditions.
Hydrological sciences journal 56, 138–151 (2011).
Cite
Lectura recomendada
Hemming, J., 2008. Tree of Rivers: The Story of the Amazon. Thames & Hudson, London, UK.
Kricher, J., 2015. A Neotropical Companion: An Introduction to the Animals, Plants, and Ecosystems of the New World Tropics. Illustrated by Andrea S. LeJeune. Princeton University Press.
Hoorn, C., Wesselingh, F., 2011. Amazonia, landscape and species evolution: a look into the past. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
Loadman, J., 2005. Tears of the tree: the story of rubber-a modern marvel. Oxford University Press, New York, USA.
(tema siguiente) Cuenca Amazónica ⇒
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